The Legal Framework of the Freedom of Opinion and Expression in Saudi Arabia: An Overview on Media Regulations and Digital Transformations

This study provides a comprehensive overview on the concepts of freedom of opinion and expression and their position within the legislative and regulatory frameworks of Saudi Arabia, tracing their historical development from a legal perspective. It begins with the Sharia-based and statutory foundations, proceeds to analyze the relevant laws and regulations, most notably the Audiovisual Media Law, alongside the Anti-Cybercrime Law and the Press and Publications Law, and culminates in a review of recent judicial applications and legal interpretations in light of rapid social and technological transformations. The research further draws on selected examples as practical illustrations of how freedom of opinion and expression is exercised and regulated in practice. Finally, it offers a comprehensive analytical summary that includes findings and legal recommendations aimed at advancing regulatory understanding and encouraging future scholarly inquiry in this sensitive and critical field.